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Typical inductive loads like electrical motors, lighting etc.
require two kinds of powers i.e. active power (to perform the
work) and reactive power (to create Electro-magnetic field).
The vector sum of active and reactive power makes up the total
power used. The total power is measured in KVA (Kilo Volt Ampere).
The active power is measured in kW.
The ratio of KW to KVA is called power factor (cosØ),
which is always less than or equal to unity.
KW
CosØ = -------
KVA
Closer the CosØ to unity, less reactive power is drawn
from the supply. A power factor less than unity results in increasing
reactive energy consumption.
Capacitors are most commonly used to generate reactive energy
and to maintain Power Factor near unity in electrical network.
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| Benefits
of Good Power Factor |
 |
|
Total current in the system
from source end reduces due to reduction in reactive power component. |
|
I2R power losses reduces
due to reduction in current.
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Voltage level at the load
end is increased. |
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Better voltage at motor terminals
improves performance of motor. |
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Saving can be achieved in
electricity bills by lowering KVA demand. |
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Elimination of penalties
in electricity bills due to low power factor. |
|
Reduction in distribution
losses. |
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